Observed and projected changes in urbanization and nature conservation in a typical fast growing city of Ethiopia, Jimma

Urbanization poses a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly in developing nations characterized by high rural–urban migration and inadequate urban planning that fails consider nature conservation. Insufficient information on how effectively integrate expansion conservation exacerbates environmental problems hampers mitigation efforts. In this study, we assessed the of Jimma City, typical rapidly growing city Ethiopia, over past 35 years, projected changes for next 50 identified priority areas Landsat satellite images from 1985 2020 were utilized map major land cover types quantify temporal changes. We employed Markov chain model predict years GIS-based multi-criteria approach identify areas. Our findings underscore adverse effect natural habitats. Over three decades, built-up expanded sevenfold (721%; 2227 ha) while croplands 34% (4155 ha). Conversely, habitats experienced declines: forest declined 39% (5209 ha), grassland 20% (655 wetland 28% (638 Projecting current trend showed further increase about fourfold (436%, 3565 However, open water, wetland, forest, cropland are predicted decline 81% (120 40% (660 42% (3455 55% (8848 respectively. Given rate population growth migrations, appears inevitable. study emphasizes importance designating at least 9040 ha (28%) within its surroundings as high-priority biodiversity These encompass approximately 95% remaining remnants, 78% area, 22% grassland. It is imperative administrations adopt sound policies, strategies, approaches support integration development conservation, with special attention given preservation key Such efforts crucial fostering inclusive, safe, resilient, sustainable cities.